Clocks and Calendar- Tips and Tricks and Shortcuts

Here we have some of the tips and tricks and shortcuts on problems based on clocks and calendar. The tricks and shortcuts mentioned below will help you solve problems based on them easily, and efficiently.

Tricks:

100 years give us 5 odd days as calculated above.
200 years give us 5 x 2 = 10 – 7 (one week) 3 odd days.
300 years give us 5 x 3 = 15 – 14 (two weeks) 1 odd day.
400 years give us {5 x 4 + 1 (leap century)} – 21} (three weeks) 0 odd days.
Month of January gives us 31 – 28 = 3 odd days.
Month of February gives us 28 – 28 = 0 odd day in a normal year and 1 odd day in a leap year and so on for all the other months.

Type 1: Tips and Tricks for Clocks

Question 1.

What is the angle between the minute hand the hour hand when the time is 4:30.

Options:

A. 35⁰B. 10⁰C. 20⁰D. None of the above

Correct Option: A

Solution:

Tip: It is easy to calculate the angle between the minute and the hour hand by using a simple formula,

Angle = (X*30)-((Y*11)/2)

Multiplying hours with minutes, we get = 4 x 30 = 120

Applying the formula, we get (Yx11)/2

= 30 x 11/ 2

= 165

When we subtract the two values, we get,

= 165 – 130

= 35⁰

Type 2: Tips ad Tricks for Clocks

Question 2.

Calculate the time between 6 and 7 o’clock when the hands of a clock are in the same straight line but are not together?

Options:

A. 65.45 min past 6
B. 60 minutes past 6
C. 50 minutes past 6
D. Cannot be determined

Correct Option: A

Solution:

Tip: You can use a short formula to calculate the time when the angle is given

Angle = (minutes) -30 (hours)

Using the above formula, we get

180 = (minutes) -30 (hours)

180 = (minutes) – 30 (6)

180 + 180 = minutes

Minutes = 2 x 360/ 11

= 65.45

Type 1: Calendars Tips and Tricks

Question 1.

Find the day for a given date ,What was the day on 26^th May 2006?

Options:

A. Monday
B. Friday
C. Wednesday
D. Saturday

Correct Option: B

Solution:

26 May 2006 = (2005 years + time period from 1/1/2006 to 26/5/2006)

To calculate number of odd days till the year 2000, we require

Number of odd days in 1600 years = 0

Number of odd days in 400 years = 0

In the next step, for calculating odd days in the next five years,

5 years = (4 ordinary years + 1 leap year)

= 4 +2

= 6 odd days

Now, we have to calculate the number of odd days from 1^st January 2006 to 26^th May 2006.

January (31 days) + February (28 days because 2006 is not a leap year) + March (31 days) + April (30 days) + May 26 days = 146 days

Total number of odd days in 146 days = (146/7) = 20 weeks + 1 odd day

Total number of odd days in the entire period = 0 (1600 years) + 0 (400 years) + 5 (5 years) + 0 (time from 1/1/2006 to 2/2/2006) = 5 odd days

According to the table, on 26^th May 2006, the day was Friday.

days	Sun	Mon	Tues	Wed	Thur	Fri	Sat
Number of odd days	0	1	2	3	4	5	6

Type 2: Calendar Tips and Shortcuts

Question 2.

Find out a day when some other day is given ,It was Friday on 7^th December 2007. What was the day on 7^th December 2006?

Options:

A. Tuesday
B. Monday
C. Friday
D. Thursday

Correct option: D

Solution:

2006 was not a leap year

Hence, the number of odd days is 1

Now 7^th December 2007 will be 1 day beyond the day on 7^th December 2006 due to one odd day.

Since, 7^th December 2007 was a Friday, hence, 7^th December 2006 was a Thursday.

Type 3: Tips and Tricks for Calendar

Question 3.

Which year after 2005 will have the same calendar as of 2005?

Options:

A. 2011
B. 2022
C. 2015
D. 2054

Solution:

The given year is 2005 which is not a leap year

We add 11 years to the given year and get (2005 + 11) = 2016 which is a leap year

Also add 6 years to the given year (2005 + 6) = 2011

Hence, the calendar for 2005 will be same as for the year 2011.

The clock has 12 hours numbered from 1 to 12. Also, the clock is divided into 60 equal minute divisions. Therefore, each hour number is separated by five minute divisions.

If a watch or a clock indicates 8.15, when the correct time is 8, it is said to be 15 minutes too fast. On the other hand, if it indicates 7.45, when the correct time is 8, it is said to be 15 minutes too slow.

Minute Spaces

The face or dial of watch is a circle whose circumference is divided into 60 equal parts, called minute spaces.

Hour Hand and Minute Hand

A clock has two hands, the smaller one is called the hour hand or short hand while the larger one is called minute hand or long hand.

Relative position of the hands

The position of the M.H. relative to the H.H. is said to be the same, whenever the M.H. is separated from the H.H. by the same number of minute divisions and is on same side (clockwise or anticlockwise) of the H.H. Any relative position of the hands of a clock is repeated 11 times in every 12 hours.

When both hands are 15 minute spaces apart, they are at right angle.
When they are 30 minute spaces apart, they point in opposite directions.
The hands are in the same straight line when they are coincident or opposite to each other.

Incorrect Clock

If a clock indicates 6 : 10, when the correct time is 6 : 00, it is said to be 10 minute to fast and if it indicates 5 : 50 when the correct time is 6 : 00, it is said to be 10 minute slow.

If both hands coincide at an interval x minutes and then total time gainedand clock is said to be ‘fast’.

If both hands coincide at an interval x minutes and then total time lost and clock is said to be ‘slow’.

Points to Remember

One minute division == 6° apart. i.e. In one minute, the minute hand moves 6°.
One hour division = 6° × 5 = 30° apart. i.e. In one hour, the hour hand moves 30° apart.
Also, in one minute, the hour hand moves = = apart.
Since, in one minute, minute hand moves 6° and hour hand moves , therefore, in one minute, the minute hand gains more than hour hand.
In one hour, the minute hand gains over the hour hand. i.e. the minute hand gains 55 minutes divisions over the hour hand.
In every hour, both the hand coincide once.
In a day, the hands are coinciding 22 times.
In every 12 hours, the hands of clock coincide 11 times.
In every 12 hours, the hands of clock are in opposite direction 11 times.
In every 12 hours, the hands of clock are at right angles 22 times.
In every hour, the two hands are at right angles 2 times.
In every hour, the two hands are in opposite direction once.
In a day, the two hands are at right angles 44 times.
If both the hands coincide, then they will again coincide afterminutes. i.e. in correct clock, both hand coincide at an interval of minutes.
If the two hands coincide in time less than minutes, then clock is too fast and if the two hands coincides in time more than minutes, then the clock is too slow.

Solved Examples

Question 1. Find the angle between the minute hand and hour hand of a clock when the time is 7.20

Solution: Angle traced by hour hand in 12 hours = 360 Degrees

Angle traced by it in 7 hrs 20 min i.e 22/3 hrs

= (360/12) × (22/3)= 2200

Angle traced by minute hand in 60 min = 3600

Angle traced by it in 20 minutes = (360/60) × 20 = 1200

Required angle = (2200 – 1200) = 1000

Question 2. At what time between 2 and 3 o’ clock will the hands of a clock together ?

Solution: At 2 o’ clock, the hour hand is at 2 and minute hand at 12, i.e., they are 10 minute spaces apart.

To be together , the minute hand must gain 10 minutes over the hour hand.

Now, 55 minutes are gaines by it in 60 minutes

10 minutes will be gained in {(60/55) × 10} min =10 10/11 min

The hands will coincide at 10 10/11 min past 2

Question 3. At what time between 4 and 5 o’ clock will the hands of a clock be at right angle ?

Solution: At 4 o’ clock, the minute hand will be 20 min spaces behind the hour hand.

Now , when the two hands are at right angles, they are 15 min. spaces apart.

So, they are at right angles in following two cases

Case I: When minute hand is 15 minute spaces behind the hour hand

In this case min hand will have to gain (20 –15) = 5 minute spaces

55 min. spaces will be gained by it in (60 × 5)/55 min = 5 5/11 min

They are at right angles at 5 5/1 min past 4

Case II: When the minute hand is 15 minute spaces ahead of the hour hand

They are at right angles at 38 2/11 min past 4

Question 4. At what time between 4 and 5 will the hands of a watch

(i) coincide, and (ii) point in opposite directions.

Solution:

(i) At 4 O’ clock, the hands are 20 minutes apart. Clearly the minute hand must gain 20 minutes before two hands can be coincident.

But the minute-hand gains 55 minutes in 60 minutes.

Let minute hand will gain x minute in 20 minutes.

So,

⇒ min.

∴ The hands will be together at min past 4.

(ii) Hands will be opposite to each other when there is a space of 30 minutes between them. This will happen when the minute hand gains (20 + 30) = 50 minutes.

Now, the minute hand gains 50 min in or min.

∴ The hands are opposite to each other at min past 4.

Question 5. What is the angle between the hour hand and minute hand when it was 5 : 05 pm.

Solution: 5.05 pm means hour hand was on 5 and minute hand was on 1, i.e. there will be 20 minutes gap.

∴ Angle = 20 × 6° = 120° [1 minute = 6°]

Question 6. My watch, which gains uniformly, is 2 min slow at noon on Sunday, and is 4 minutes 48 seconds fast at 2 pm on the following Sunday. When was it correct ?

Solution: From Sunday noon to the following Sunday at 2 pm

= 7 days 2 hours = 170 hours.

The watch gains= minutes in 170 hours.

∴ The watch gains 2 minutes in

Now, 50 hours = 2 days 2 hours.

2 days 2 hours from Sunday noon = 2 pm on Tuesday.

Question 7. The minute hand of a clock overtakes the hour hand at intervals of 65 minutes of the correct time. How much a day does the clock gain or lose?

Solution: In a correct clock, the minute hand gains 55 min. spaces over the hour hand in 60 minutes.

To be together again, the minute hand must gain 60 minutes over the hour hand.

55 min. are gained in

But, they are together after 65 min.

∴ Gain in 65 min.

Gain in 24 hours

∴ The clock gains minutes in 24 hours.

Question 8. A man who went out between 5 or 6 and returned between 6 and 7 found that the hands of the watch had exactly changed place. When did he go out?

Solution: Between 5 and 6 to 6 and 7, hands will change place after crossing each other one time. i.e., they together will make 1 + 1 = 2 complete revolutions.

H.H. will move through

or minute divisions.

Between 5 and 6 → minute divisions.

At 5, minute hand is 25 minute divisions behind the hour-hand.

Hence it will have to gain minute divisions on the hour-hand

minute divisions on the hour hand.

The minute hand gains minute divisions

minutes minutes

∴ The required time of departure is min past 5.

Calendar

The Julian calendar is a reform of the Roman calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC (708 AUC). It took effect the following year, 45 BC (709 AUC), and continued to be used as the civil calendar in some countries into the 20th century. The calendar has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months, as listed in Table of months. A leap day is added to February every four years. The Julian year is, therefore, on average 365.25 days long.

The calendar year was intended to approximate the tropical (solar) year. Although Greek astronomers had known, at least since Hipparchus, that the tropical year was a few minutes shorter than 365.25 days, the calendar did not compensate for this difference. As a result, the calendar year gained about three days every four centuries compared to observed equinox times and the seasons. This discrepancy was corrected by the Gregorian reform, introduced in 1582.

The Julian calendar has been replaced by the Gregorian calendar in all countries which formerly used it as the civil calendar. Most Christian denominations have also replaced it with the Gregorian calendar as the basis for their liturgical calendars.

Points to Remember

Odd Days
We are supposed to find the day of the week on a given date. For this, we use the concept of ‘odd days’.In a given period, the number of days more than the complete weeks are called odd days.

Leap Year

Every year divisible by 4 is a leap year, if it is not a century.
Every 4th century is a leap year and no other century is a leap year.

Note: A leap year has 366 days.

Examples:

Each of the years 1948, 2004, 1676 etc. is a leap year.
Each of the years 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 etc. is a leap year.
None of the years 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 1800, 2100 is a leap year.

Ordinary Year

The year which is not a leap year is called an ordinary years. An ordinary year has 365 days.

Counting of Odd Days

1 ordinary year = 365 days = (52 weeks + 1 day.)
1 ordinary year has 1 odd day.
1 leap year = 366 days = (52 weeks + 2 days)
1 leap year has 2 odd days.
100 years = 76 ordinary years + 24 leap years = (76 × 1 + 24 × 2) odd days = 124 odd days. = (17 weeks + 5 days) = 5 odd days.
Number of odd days in 100 years = 5.
Number of odd days in 200 years = (5 × 2)→ 3 odd days.
Number of odd days in 300 years = (5 × 3) → 1 odd day.
Number of odd days in 400 years = (5 × 4 + 1)→ 0 odd day.
Similarly, each one of 800 years, 1200 years, 1600 years, 2000 years etc. has 0 odd days.

Day of the Week Related to Odd Days:

No. of days:	0	1	2	3	4	5	6
Day:	Sun.	Mon.	Tues.	Wed.	Thurs.	Fri.	Sat.

Solved Examples

Question 1. What day of the week was 15th August 1949?

Solution: 15th August 1949 means

1948 complete years + first 7 months of the year 1949 + 15 days of August.

1600 years give no odd days.

300 years give 1 odd day.

48 years give {48 + 12} = 60 = 4 odd days.

[For ordinary years → 48 odd days and for leap year 1 more day (48 ÷ 4) = 12 odd days;

60 = 7 × 8 + 4]

From 1st January to 15th August 1949

Odd days : January – 3; February – 0; March – 3; April – 2; May – 3; June – 2; July – 3; August – 1

17 ⇒ 3 odd days.

∴ 15th August 1949 → 1 + 4 + 3 = 8 = 1 odd day.

This means that 15th Aug. fell on 1st day.

Therefore, the required day was Monday.

Question 2. How many times does the 29th day of the month occur in 400 consecutive years?

Solution: In 400 consecutive years, there are 97 leap years.

Hence, in 400 consecutive years, February has the 29th day 97 times and the remaining eleven months have the 29th day
400 × 11 = 4400 times

∴ The 29th day of the month occurs

(4400 + 97) or 4497 times.

Question 3. Today is 5th February. The day of the week is Tuesday. This is a leap year. What will be the day of the week on this date after 5 years?

Solution: This is a leap year. So, next 3 years will give one odd day each. then leap year gives 2 odd days and then again next year give 1 odd day.

Therefore (3 + 2 + 1) = 6 odd days will be there.

Hence the day of the week will be 6 odd days beyond Tuesday, i.e., it will be Monday.

Question 4. What day of the week was 20th June 1837?

Solution: 20th June 1837 means 1836 complete years

+ first 5 months of the year 1837 + 20 days of June.

1600 years give no odd days.

200 years give 3 odd days.

36 years give (36 + 9) or 3 odd days.

1836 years give 6 odd days.

From 1st January to 20th June there are 3 odd days.

Odd days : January — 3; February — 0; March — 3; April — 2; May — 3; June — 6

Total odd days =17 ⇒ 3 odd days.

Therefore, the total number of odd days = (6 + 3) or 2 odd days.

This means that the 20th of June fell on the 2nd day commencing from Monday.

Therefore, the required day was Tuesday.

Question 5. Prove that the calender for 1990 will same for 2001 also.

Solution: It is clear that the calender for 1990 will same for 2001 if first January of both the years is the same weekdays. For that the number of odd days between 31st December 1989 and 31st December 2000 must be zero. Odd days are as given below:

Year	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995
Odd days	1	1	(L) 2	1	1	1
Year	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000
Odd days	(L) 2	1	1	1	(L) 2

Total number of odd days = 14 ⇒ 0 odd days.

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Clocks and Calendar- Tips and Tricks and Shortcuts